According to Irvin Yalom, which is a core factor in group psychotherapy?

• A. Instillation of hope
• B. Competitive dynamics
• C. Isolation of members
• D. Rigid rules without flexibility

Answer: (A)

Instillation of hope is one of Irvin Yalom's therapeutic factors in group psychotherapy. When group members see others progress, hear stories of improvement, and receive encouragement, they come to believe that change is possible for themselves, which boosts motivation and engagement in the process. The facilitator can foster this by highlighting small gains, setting realistic goals, and maintaining a supportive, hopeful environment. The other options don’t fit Yalom’s framework: competitive dynamics create rivalry and undermine trust; isolation contradicts the group’s purpose of shared experience and universality; rigid rules without flexibility limit openness, feedback, and genuine interpersonal learning within the group.