DJ Livinson is associated with which theory?

• A. Life Cycle Theory
• B. Stage Theory
• C. Developmental Theory
• D. Psychodynamic Theory

Answer: (A)

This question tests recognizing which framework is linked to life-span development and life-stage transitions. Life Cycle Theory focuses on how individuals move through distinct life stages and adapt to changing roles, relationships, and tasks across the lifespan, including how these shifts influence behavior and expression. DJ Livinson is associated with this approach in the material, making Life Cycle Theory the best fit because it directly centers on developmental changes over time and the ongoing nature of growth, rather than isolated stages or unconscious processes.

Stage Theory emphasizes fixed, discrete stages with qualitative changes at certain points, which is a different framing. Developmental Theory is a broad umbrella that can encompass many ideas, but in this context it’s not the specific label tied to Livinson. Psychodynamic Theory centers on unconscious drives and early experiences rather than the organized progression through life stages.