Which Erikson stage corresponds to ages 3-5?

• A. Trust vs Mistrust
• B. Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
• C. Initiative vs Guilt
• D. Industry vs Inferiority

Answer: (C)

The stage here centers on early childhood where children begin to take initiative in their activities and interactions. Around ages 3 to 6, kids want to plan, lead, and try new things. They test limits, imagine new possibilities, and seek opportunities to act on their own. When adults and caregivers support this drive—praising efforts, allowing choices, and guiding rather than judging—children develop a sense of initiative and confidence in their abilities. If they’re overly criticized or controlled, they can feel guilt about acting on their plans or desires, which can dampen their willingness to take initiative.

This timing is what sets it apart from other stages: trust vs mistrust is about meeting basic needs in infancy; autonomy vs shame and doubt centers on independence in the toddler years; industry vs inferiority emerges later in school-age years as children strive to master skills and gain competence.